Field investigation on long-term deformation characteristics of long-and-narrow basements in soft clays
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two long-and-narrow station basements, constructed using zoned and staged ramp excavation sequences, are extensively monitored to study the long-term ground and structure deformations. During the main excavation stages (i.e., soil removal), the lateral wall movements increase rapidly with the excavation depth. However, the rate of increase in the lateral wall movements decreases dramatically during casting of concrete slabs. Meanwhile, the post-excavation induced ground surface settlements increase by up to 29.7%. The long-term wall deflections and soil settlements are significant, but these long-term deformations are suppressed after casting the top concrete slabs. Although the bottom-up construction technique is used for the basement excavation, the measured ground surface settlements are substantially smaller than those associated with the top-down construction technique. This is primarily attributed to the adoption of zoned and staged ramp excavation sequences, which effectively control ground settlements. Unlike wall deflections and ground surface settlements, a decrease is observed in the column and wall heaves during post-excavation. The measured heaves of the interior columns and retaining walls are 0.08%–0.15% H (excavation depth) and 0.04%–0.11% H, respectively. A series of deformation envelopes are proposed to estimate ground and structural deformations due to the long-and-narrow basement excavations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it