Effects of a Smartphone-Based Positive Reflection Diary on Work Engagement Among Japanese Workers: Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Work engagement is an important determinant of workers' well-being. According to the job demands-resources model, personal resources are one of the key antecedents of work engagement. Enhancing personal resources leads to improved work engagement. Furthermore, reflecting positively on one's achievements at work may enhance personal resources. Hence, there is a need for a simple, self-guided tool such as a smartphone app that can be used by employees to record and reflect on their work accomplishments. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a smartphone-based diary (ie, Work Engagement Diary) that promotes positive reflection in daily working life on work engagement among Japanese workers in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Six hundred Japanese workers who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either the intervention group or the wait-list control group (300 participants each) via a web survey company. Participants in the intervention group kept the Work Engagement Diary for 2 weeks, whereby they were required to set a weekly goal at the beginning of the week and fill in their work achievements at the end of the day. Those in the waitlist control group did not receive any interventions until they completed a follow-up survey. Work engagement was assessed at preintervention (T1), postintervention (T2), and 3 weeks after intervention (T3) in both groups. Results: A mixed model for repeated measures conditional growth model analysis using intention-to-treat revealed a significant improvement in work engagement for the intervention group compared to the wait-list control group throughout the study period (P=.04). Effect sizes were small in work engagement for T1 versus T2 (Cohen d=0.11 [95% CI -0.06 to 0.28]) and for T1 versus T3 (Cohen d=0.12 [95% CI -0.06 to 0.28]). Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that our newly developed smartphone-based positive reflection diary at work effectively improved work engagement among Japanese workers. Future research needs to clarify longer-term intervention effects and detailed mechanisms of the intervention effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".