Legal institutions and path dependence in land development in Havana: a study of the Republican Period (1902–1959) and its historical antecedents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Before and during Cuba’s republican period (1902-1959), several significant institutional changes took place.Footnote11 This paper does not address the revolutionary period as it deserves independent treatment. The most important of them were formalized constitutionally, but these were not reflected in all socio-economic areas. This paper uses historical institutionalism as a theoretical framework to examine formal institutions, their continuities, changes and consequences for urban space over time. Specifically, it studies the relationship between property rights and the rules governing land development. It illustrates how private property rights and the Construction Ordinances of 1861 structured processes and patterns of land development during this period. It examines the source of institutional changes, who implemented them, and their limited territorial impact. It also explains how and why agents adapted to this legal framework, and indicates that established rules of land use are sometimes difficult to reverse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".