Impulse oscillometry in the evaluation of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults: A systematic literature review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a chronic respiratory disease marked by irreversible airway dilation, persistent inflammation, and recurrent infections. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) assesses lung function non-invasively, particularly in patients unable to perform spirometry, but its role in NCFB remains underexplored. RESEARCH QUESTION: This systematic review examined the role of IOS in adults with NCFB, focusing on diagnostic value, correlation with disease severity, airway reversibility prediction, and associations with exacerbations, hospitalisations, and mortality. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed in January 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies assessed IOS in adult NCFB and reported associations with clinical, radiological, or functional outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: Seven studies were included. IOS was more sensitive than spirometry in detecting small-airway dysfunction, particularly in early disease. Several IOS parameters correlated with radiological and severity scores, though findings were heterogeneous. Associations with exacerbations and hospitalisations were inconsistent. One study suggested R5-R20 may predict bronchodilator response. IOS parameters appeared stable across disease stages. CONCLUSION: IOS may complement conventional assessment of NCFB, especially for small-airway evaluation, but standardisation and longitudinal research remain necessary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".