Seismic resilience-based assessment and design of concrete bridge piers reinforced with shape memory alloy bars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the shape memory alloy (SMA) bar to reinforce a bridge pier is considered a viable solution for improving its seismic resilience. Up to now, engineering and academic communities still lack knowledge on designing bridge piers from a seismic resilience-based perspective with quantifiable and controllable earthquake-induced disturbance. This study proposes and implements a resilience-based seismic design method for concrete bridge piers or columns reinforced with SMA bars to address this issue. Such a methodology utilizes an equivalent downtime to quantify seismic resilience and incorporates an authentic and quantifiable bridge post-earthquake recovery process into the pre-disaster evaluation and design processes. After that, this methodology is implemented through a benchmark bridge pier. A numerical model of the pier, reinforced with varying SMA replacement ratios in its plastic region, is generated considering the longitudinal rebars’ bond slip and material-related parameter uncertainty. Site-specific ground motion records are chosen based on a uniform hazard spectrum for seismic excitations. The seismic fragility and resilience surfaces of the bridge pier are generated (using residual and peak drift ratios as dual damage indicators) to reveal the influence of the SMA replacement ratio. Finally, an optimal SMA replacement ratio is ascertained based on seismic resilience objectives. The result indicates that partially rather than fully replacing the ordinary longitudinal rebars using SMA bars in the plastic hinge region of concrete bridge piers is adequate to satisfy seismic resilience requirements, achieving a balance between the bridge’s seismic resilience and its initial construction costs. • A resilience-based seismic design methodology is proposed and implemented in this study. • An authentic bridge post-earthquake recovery process is incorporated into seismic resilience assessment and design. • An equivalent downtime index is utilized to quantify the earthquake-induced disturbance. • Partially replacing ordinary rebars using SMA bars is adequate to satisfy seismic resilience requirements for bridge piers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".