Chromogranin A as a Novel Biomarker of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition characterized by recurring abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements. Currently, IBS diagnosis lacks specific radiological, biochemical, or endoscopic markers. Chromogranin A (CgA), a gastrointestinal protein, shows variation between patients with IBS and healthy controls. This study aimed to evaluate differences in CgA concentrations between these groups. Methods: This review was conducted in 2023 using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All observational research was retrieved from MEDLINE, EBSCO-Host, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest electronic databases using a predefined search strategy. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Results: Nine out of 14 studies eligible for meta-analysis revealed significantly higher CgA cell density (P=0.0001) in all patients with IBS compared with controls. This difference persisted across colon regions (left: P=0.04, right: P=0.0009) and duodenum (P<0.00001). Subgroup analysis found no significant disparity in CgA cell density between diarrhea and constipation-predominant IBS within the duodenum or colon. Conclusion: CgA cell density showed trends toward IBS compared with control groups, with significant concentration differences found in the duodenum, left, and right colon. Therefore, current findings might offer a histopathological approach to confirm the IBS diagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.031 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".