Chromogranin A as a Novel Biomarker of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition characterized by recurring abdominal discomfort and irregular bowel movements. Currently, IBS diagnosis lacks specific radiological, biochemical, or endoscopic markers. Chromogranin A (CgA), a gastrointestinal protein, shows variation between patients with IBS and healthy controls. This study aimed to evaluate differences in CgA concentrations between these groups. Methods: This review was conducted in 2023 using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. All observational research was retrieved from MEDLINE, EBSCO-Host, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest electronic databases using a predefined search strategy. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Results: Nine out of 14 studies eligible for meta-analysis revealed significantly higher CgA cell density (P=0.0001) in all patients with IBS compared with controls. This difference persisted across colon regions (left: P=0.04, right: P=0.0009) and duodenum (P<0.00001). Subgroup analysis found no significant disparity in CgA cell density between diarrhea and constipation-predominant IBS within the duodenum or colon. Conclusion: CgA cell density showed trends toward IBS compared with control groups, with significant concentration differences found in the duodenum, left, and right colon. Therefore, current findings might offer a histopathological approach to confirm the IBS diagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".