Effects of Activities of Daily Living Training on Independence and Satisfaction of Older Adults Residents of Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Many older adults living in nursing homes are dependent on activities of daily living (ADL), which causes them dissatisfaction. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ADL training on the independence and satisfaction of older adult residents in a nursing home. Methods: In this study, 80 ambulatory and cognitively healthy older adult residents in a nursing home were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups in equal proportions. The intervention group received group-based ADL training consisting of eight weekly 90-minute sessions. Both groups were evaluated using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurement. Results: Between-group comparison showed a significant difference in terms of MBI, Canadian occupational performance measure-performance (COPM-P), and Canadian occupational performance measure-satisfaction (COPM-S) at post-intervention, respectively (P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.35; P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.19; and P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.38). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of MBI, COPM-P, and COPM-S at follow-up, respectively (P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.42; P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.20; and P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.43). Conclusions: Policy-makers are advised to support ADL training programs to enhance the performance and satisfaction of the elderly and help implement these programs in nursing homes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".