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Record W4414583726 · doi:10.5539/ies.v18n5p113

Linear Structural Relationship Model of Servant Leadership of School Administrators Affecting Effectiveness of Primary Schools in The Northeast

2025· article· en· W4414583726 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Education Studies · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEducational Methods and Teacher Development
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSakon Nakhon Rajabhat University
KeywordsStructural equation modelingEmpirical researchSample (material)Servant leadershipReliability (semiconductor)Data collectionInstructional leadershipDiscriminative modelServantTest (biology)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This research aims to develop a structural relationship model of servant leadership among educational administrators that impacts the effectiveness of primary schools in northeastern Thailand and to examine the model’s alignment with empirical data. The study is conducted in two phases: Phase 1 involves developing a structural linear model of servant leadership among educational administrators that affects the effectiveness of primary schools in northeastern Thailand, and Phase 2 tests the model’s consistency with empirical data. The sample consists of 500 administrators and teachers from the 2021 academic year. The data collection instrument is a rating scale questionnaire measuring school effectiveness, with discriminative power values between 0.44 – 0.81 and reliability of 0.98, and a servant leadership factor with discriminative power values between 0.22 – 0.87 and reliability of 0.98. Data analysis includes frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural linear modeling using specialized software. The research findings indicate that: 1) The structural linear model of servant leadership among educational administrators impacting primary school effectiveness in northeastern Thailand includes five dimensions: Vision, with three observable variables; Awareness, with three observable variables; Understanding and Valuing Others, with three observable variables; Staff Development, with three observable variables; and Service, with five observable variables. School effectiveness comprises four observable variables. 2) The developed model is consistent with the empirical data, with a Chi-square (χ²) value of 159.66, degrees of freedom (df) of 137, a p-value of 0.09, a relative Chi-square (χ²/df) of 1.17, RMSEA of 0.02, GFI of 0.97, and AGFI of 0.95.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.092
Threshold uncertainty score0.310

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.234
GPT teacher head0.434
Teacher spread0.200 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it