Local Perceptions of Ecosystem Services Provided by Forest and Mangrove Ecosystems in the Saloum Delta National Park, Senegal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper focused on the perceptions of communities living along the Saloum Delta National Park (SDNP), located in the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve (SDBR), of the ecosystem services (ES) provided by the mangrove and forest ecosystems. Through semi-structured surveys of 103 individuals in seven villages, the analysis revealed that the SDNP offers a diversity of 21 ecosystem services classified into three categories: provisioning, regulation and cultural. The most popular ones are fishing (72.8%), oyster harvesting (65.1%), pharmacopoeia (64.1%), firewood (54.4%), aesthetics (90.3%) and protection against erosion (93.2%). The species Rhizophora mangle stands out as the best known and most widely used mangrove, with a high use value (UV= 3.09) and a strong informant consensus (FCI> 0.97). Although socio-demographic factors do not significantly influence the use of services, occupation (particularly farmers) and area play a role in the diversity of uses. The services provided by mangroves are more numerous and better known than those provided by forests, reflecting the ongoing dependence of populations on this ecosystem. These results underline the strategic importance of the PNDS in local development and point out for sustainable and participatory management of its resources, through development of fishery products, strengthening of facilities, raising awareness of rational exploitation and the restoration of degraded habitats, particularly mangroves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".