Simulation Study of the Terminal Flight Parameters on the Damage of a Steel Plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To study the damage effect of cylindrical charges on steel plates at different impact velocities and angles, a numerical simulation study on the damage effect of cylindrical charges on a steel target plate is carried out at impact velocities of 0–800 m/s and impact angles of 0–90 $${}^{\circ}$$ without changing the vertical distance between the center of the cylindrical charge and target plate. It is demonstrated that four main damage modes of the steel plate exist in this case: plastic deformation, boundary tearing, tear at the center of the steel plate, and petal-shaped break. At a zero impact velocity, the damage pattern of the target plate is not affected by the impact angle, and it is plastic deformed. With an increase in the impact angle, the maximum deflection of the steel plate decreases first and then increases; with an increase in the impact velocity of the charge, at the impact velocities of 200 and 400 m/s and the impact angles greater than 75 $${}^{\circ}$$ , the damage mode of the steel plate is no longer plastic deformation, but boundary tear or central petal damage. With an increase in the impact velocity, the energy acting on the plate increases; hence, the energy density affecting the plate also increases. As a result, the breaking effect of the charge on the plate always increases with increasing impact velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".