Echoes of the Włocławek events of 1905 in the pages of “Kurier Warszawski”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Warsaw Governorate, Włocławek was the second largest city after Warsaw. There was a noticeable close relationship between the publishers and publicists of these two centers. One of the press titles most frequently distributed by colporteurs in Włocławek was “Kurier Warszawski”. The events that took place in Włocławek in 1905 were reported in the Warsaw press, although coverage was limited to the most significant incidents. At the same time, inhabitants of Włocławek used this widely read newspaper to publish advertisements and commercial announcements. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which events from the early period of the 1905–1907 revolution, including the school strike, were reported in “Kurier Warszawski” and how the image of the city was presented in this context. A comparative analysis of three sources from 1905 was conducted: “Kurier Warszawski”, “Echa Płockie i Włocławskie”, and “Dziennik Chicagoski”. Reports from Włocławek appeared in 197 regular issues and morning supplements of “Kurier Warszawski”, as well as in 98 regular and 8 supplementary issues of the American-based “Dziennik Chicagoski”. In the Warsaw newspaper, most of the information was published in sections such as “From the City”, “From Sport”, “Ordinances and Notices”, “Casualties” and classified ads. Notably, after the school strike, events such as the August regatta began to receive more extensive coverage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".