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Record W4414606823 · doi:10.1101/2025.09.25.678494

Distilling the Neurophenomenological Signatures of Pure Awareness during Transcendental Meditation

2025· preprint· en· W4414606823 on OpenAlexaff
Alejandro Chandia-Jorquera, Sean D. van Mil, Mar Estarellas, Marina Dauphin, Claudia Pascovich, Andrés Canales‐Johnson

Bibliographic record

VenuebioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicNeuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
FundersAgencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
KeywordsMeditationTranscendental meditationElectroencephalographyAperiodic graphDissociation (chemistry)Transcendental numberCognitionEntropy (arrow of time)Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Pure awareness (PA) has been proposed as a form of minimal phenomenal experience, but its neurophenomenological signatures remain poorly characterized. Transcendental meditation (TM) offers a particularly tractable empirical model of PA because its procedure is standardized, its induction is effortless, and it reliably elicits reports of awareness with minimal content. We combined electroencephalography with temporal experience tracing in 33 experienced TM practitioners and their matched controls (performing mental counting). TM practitioners reported significantly greater intensity and temporal variability of PA, independent of years of meditation practice. We then used multivariate classification of theoretically motivated electroencephalography markers spanning temporal entropy, aperiodic activity, complexity, and linear and nonlinear functional connectivity. We observed a double dissociation. When TM was contrasted with counting, temporal entropy and aperiodic dynamics were the strongest discriminators, whereas phase-coherence functional connectivity contributed least. Conversely, when TM was contrasted with its own baseline, low-frequency functional connectivity dominated, whereas temporal entropy contributed minimally. Complementary topographical analyses indicated that these differences were not reducible to a few localized univariate effects, but were better understood as distributed multivariate neural patterns. Finally, TM showed little evidence of carryover into subsequent rest, whereas counting induced more residual change. Together, these findings provide a systematic electrophysiological characterization of PA and support neurophenomenology as a tractable framework for studying minimal phenomenal experience.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.110
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.027
GPT teacher head0.255
Teacher spread0.229 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

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