Neutrophilic asthma may not be a distinct endotype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<title>Extract</title> Heterogeneity in asthma is well recognised, with established airway inflammatory endotypes that aim to characterise underlying pathobiological mechanisms driving clinical outcomes [1]. Sputum cytometry subdivides airway inflammatory phenotypes into eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed granulocytic and pauci-granulocytic [2]. Although there has been significant advancement in the treatment of asthma patients with a type 2 (T2) high signature (defined based on systemic biomarkers including elevated blood eosinophils (>300 per μL), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (>50 ppb) or immunoglobulin E (>30 IU·mL<sup>−1</sup>)), limited treatment options are available for patients with a T2-low endotype (defined largely based on absence of systemic T2 biomarkers). This may be due to an imprecise definition of the T2-low endotype, which in most cases does not encompass airway eosinophilia (<2%), whether the eosinophilia is controlled by inhaled corticosteroids [3], or the presence of free eosinophil granules [4] or eosinophil proteins in airway macrophages [5].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".