A Model of Environmental Education Based on Buddha’s Teachings for People in Communities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to develop a Buddhist-based environmental education model for communities in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The specific objectives are 1) to analyse the community’s environmental context; 2) to assess the level of understanding of environmental education and Buddhist principles (the Four Noble Truths, the Three Characteristics of Existence, and the Threefold Training); 3) to create an integrated environmental education model grounded in Buddhist ethics and 4) To evaluate mentioned model efficiency by using mixed method of quantitative and qualitative research. Data were collected from 398 community members and 12 community leaders in Nonthaburi through questionnaires, surveys, and interviews. The model’s efficacy was assessed using Kirkpatrick’s evaluation framework, and data were analysed using mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation (SD) and content analysis. Results revealed that most participants were men (74.12%), averaging 48 years old, married (43.22%), held bachelor’s degrees (43.70%), worked in agriculture (67.60%) and earned 5,000–10,000 THB monthly (83.92%). Key environmental issues included wastewater (23.12%), solid waste (19.60%) and air pollution (17.09%). Participants demonstrated moderate understanding of environmental education and Buddhist principles. The proposed model comprises six components: 1) local leadership emphasizing community participation; 2) environmental education fostering human-environment interconnectedness; 3) environmental management promoting tangible engagement; 4) livelihood development balancing income and sustainability; 5) spiritual tourism for income and knowledge exchange and 6) Buddhist ethics for mental and life quality development. Feedback from 50 participants confirmed the model’s high efficacy in integrating Buddhist principles with environmental education, strengthening communities and advancing sustainable development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".