Parental Mental Health and Suicidal Behavior as Predictors of Adolescent Suicidal Ideation and Attempts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The intergenerational transmission of suicidal risk is a major global health concern. Evidence on the role of parental psychopathology, including suicidal behavior, in predicting adolescent suicidality remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize recent findings and quantify these associations. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the Population, Intervention/Exposure, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) framework. Searches (2015–2025) identified observational studies on parental suicidal behavior, depression, or psychiatric disorders predicting adolescent suicidal ideation or attempts. Thirty-one studies met eligibility, including over 12 million adolescents. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled associations. Study quality was rated with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and evidence certainty with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Both parental suicidal behavior and psychiatric disorders were consistently linked to increased adolescent suicidality. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for any parental psychopathology was 2.77 (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.22–3.47), indicating nearly a threefold higher risk of suicidal ideation or attempts in exposed youth. Subgroup analyses showed comparable risks for parental suicidal behavior (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.30–3.14) and parental psychiatric morbidity (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.05–3.60). Conclusions: Parental psychopathology, whether manifesting as suicidal behavior or psychiatric disorder, is a strong and universal risk factor for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. These findings underscore the need for family-centered prevention, early identification, and targeted interventions to disrupt intergenerational transmission of suicide risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.017 | 0.041 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".