The regulatory journey of progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills in Canada: A scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the regulatory status of progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills in Canada changed from being a Schedule I (prescription-only) to a Schedule III (over-the-counter) drug. The authors undertook this scoping review to trace the regulatory journey of progestin-only emergency contraception and identify learnings that might apply to the deregulation of other reproductive health drugs. They used a five-stage established framework to guide this scoping review. After identifying a range of search terms, they searched for source material in the following databases: AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), Medline/Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LexisNexis, Canadian Public Policy, Scopus, and Sociological Abstracts via ProQuest. The authors identified 46 relevant sources between 1995 and 2020 (inclusive). This body of literature sheds light on both the federal and provincial processes involved in drug deregulation in Canada, the importance of advocacy in supporting deregulation efforts, and the controversies and resistance that emerged due to the deregulation of progestin-only emergency contraceptive pills at both the national and provincial levels. They conclude with a discussion of what these findings might mean for ongoing efforts to deregulate other safe and effective reproductive health drugs, including ulipristal acetate and mifepristone, in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.080 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".