Effect of adequate glycated hemoglobin glycemic control goals on cognitive function in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This systematic review seeks to evaluate the influence of appropriate glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) glycemic control targets and their effect on cognitive function among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).A thorough search was conducted across six databases, focusing on observational studies that examined glycemic control and cognitive assessment in older adults.The primary outcome measured glycemic control through levels of HbA1c.The Mini-mental state examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment served as the primary tools for evaluating cognitive function.We included two cross-sectional studies (n = 1.390) and two cohorts (n = 2.236), all rated as high-quality evidence based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and AXIS scales.Higher HbA1c levels in patients aged 60 and older with T2DM are correlated with lower cognitive performance, indicating that poor glycemic control may contribute to cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".