The Phylogeography of Selfing <i>Caulokaempferia coenobialis</i> Responded to Pleistocene Karst Development and Transgressions‐Regressions in Southern China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aim Southern China was not directly affected by large continuous ice sheets during the late Pliocene to the Quaternary period, thus playing a central role in shaping the biodiversity distribution patterns of species globally. While numerous phylogeographical studies have focused on three subkingdoms: the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP), the Sino‐Himalayan Forest and the Sino‐Japanese Forest, research on the formation of plant diversity in South China is limited. This study aims to investigate the drivers of plant diversification in southern China by elucidating the evolutionary history of the endemic selfing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis . Location Southern China. Taxon Caulokaempferia coenobialis (Zingiberaceae). Methods We analysed the evolutionary history of C. coenobialis by sequencing 11 chloroplast regions and three nuclear genes from 145 individuals across 15 populations, as well as assembling 29 plastid genomes. Results C. coenobialis exhibits high genetic diversity at the species and regional levels, with low population genetic diversity and significant inter‐population differentiation. All populations diverged into two major lineages located in Southwest and South China approximately 2.75 Ma, after which the South China lineage diverged into two sublineages in Southern and Northern South China approximately 1.21 Ma. These two divergences coincided with the Karst development between Southwest and South China and the transgressions and regressions in South China during the Pleistocene. Main Conclusions The Pleistocene monsoonal climatic fluctuations, the tectonic activity of the southeastern boundary fault of the QTP, the resulting development of Karst landforms and the transgressions and regressions in South China shaped the phylogeographical pattern of C. coenobialis . The study offers new insights into the effect of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and neotectonic movement on the genetic isolation and population differentiation of plant species in southern China. It also offers practical implications for achieving the ‘30 × 30’ target of the Kunming‐Montreal Biodiversity Framework.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".