Examining associations between human milk fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and early infant cognitive, language and motor development in the CHILD cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Human milk fatty acids and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are milk components inconsistently associated with neurodevelopment. The objective of this research is to examine the link between fatty acids, HMOs and neurodevelopment. Methods: This study includes a subset of 240 parent-infant pairs from the Edmonton site of the CHILD Cohort Study. At 3-4 months post-partum, breastfeeding parents provided a milk sample which was analyzed to identify 20 fatty acids and 19 HMOs. Research assistants administered the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 1 and 2 years of age, comprising cognitive, language and motor development scales (standardized to a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; higher scores indicate better development). Adjusted linear regression was used to estimate the relationships between individual milk components or principal components and neurodevelopment, adjusting for maternal and infant factors. Interactions were tested with infant sex and maternal secretor status. Results: = -3.91, 95% CI: -5.81, -2.01). Higher concentrations of difucosyllacto-N-hexaose were related to higher language and motor scores for infants of maternal non-secretors, while higher concentrations of 3'-sialyllactose were related to higher scores for infants of maternal secretors. Conclusion: Both fatty acids and HMOs are related to early neurodevelopment. Maternal secretor status moderates the relationship between select HMOs and neurodevelopment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".