Impact of FDM Process Conditions on the Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of TPU 90A
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the thermomechanical and shape memory behavior of TPU 90A in both raw filament and 3D printed forms after manufacturing via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The influence of key printing parameters extrusion temperature, infill density, and infill orientation on material performance is systematically examined. A novel UMAT subroutine was implemented in Abaqus to simulate the thermomechanical and shape memory responses of TPU 90A under varying loads and temperatures. Validation against experimental data confirms a pronounced shape memory effect, with shape fixity (Rf) and recovery (Rr) ratios exceeding 98%. The numerical model shows excellent agreement with experiments, as the simulated Young’s modulus (53.97 MPa) closely matches the measured value (55.38 MPa) for printed samples. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved at 230°C extrusion temperature, 45° infill orientation, and 100% infill density. The approach’s practical relevance is demonstrated through the fabrication of a personalized finger orthosis, where stress analysis indicates peak values of 17.76 MPa, ensuring sufficient rigidity for medical stabilization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it