Production Systems and Age Influence Fecal Mycobiota Diversity and Composition in Swine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gut microbiome is an important factor in animal health and can be influenced by factors such as age, diet, stress, environmental conditions, and farming practices. Bacterial communities of the gut microbiome in many species have been extensively studied, but research on the fungal microbiota remains limited and underrepresented in the literature. The objective of this study was to characterize the fecal mycobiota of swine raised under two different production systems: outdoor pasture-based or conventional indoor systems. Fecal samples from nursery, growing-finishing, and sow pigs from both farming systems were collected, and the mycobiota was profiled using PCR amplification and sequencing of the universal fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. A significant difference in fungal community structure was observed between the conventionally raised and pasture-raised pigs, as well as among all three production phases. Four species, Arthrographis kalrae, Enterocarpus grenotii, Pseudallescheria angusta, and Sagenomella oligospora, were differentially abundant between the two farms, all of which had higher relative abundance in the pasture-raised pigs. Additionally, pasture-raised pigs hosted a more diverse fungal community with higher species richness in their gastrointestinal tract. In summary, farming practices and pig age influenced the pig fecal mycobiota.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".