From Patch to Plate: Evaluation of Systemic Symptoms in Patients With Positive Patch Test Reactions to Sodium Disulfite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Sodium disulfite is a well-established contact allergen. Whether individuals with this contact allergy also experience systemic symptoms after ingesting sulfites remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate whether patients with positive patch test reactions to sodium disulfite report systemic symptoms after consuming high-sulfite-containing foods and beverages compared with patch test-negative controls. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 41 patients with positive and 41 patients with negative patch tests to sodium disulfite completed a standardized survey assessing symptoms (eg, headache, coughing, gastrointestinal distress) following consumption of high-sulfite foods and beverages. Symptom frequency, severity, and triggers were analyzed and compared between groups. Results: Systemic symptoms were significantly more common among patch test-positive individuals (57.9%) compared with controls (26.8%, P = 0.005), particularly with wine (58.1% vs 25.6%, P = 0.006). Stronger patch test reactions correlated with greater symptom frequency and severity. Conclusions: Patients with sodium disulfite contact allergy more frequently report systemic symptoms after ingesting high-sulfite foods and beverages. These findings suggest a possible overlap between contact allergy and systemic intolerance, supporting a potential role for dietary counseling in select patch test-positive patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".