The main directions of emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the XX – early XXI century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article explores the main directions of emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the XX – early XXI century. Mountain Jews, Caucasian Jews or Juurs, or to be more precise, their ancestors appeared in the Caucasus, presumably in the VI century A.D. The territories of the modern Republic of Azerbaijan and the south of the Republic of Dagestan became the places of their compact settlement in this region. Mountain Jews have always lived in harmony and peace with other peoples in the Caucasus. The situation changed in the 1970s when they began to repatriate to Israel. However, the resettlement movement became more widespread in the 1990s during the disintegration of the USSR. The author analyzes the reasons for the mass exodus of representatives of this community, including political, economic and social factors. Special attention is paid to migration routes, such as moving to Israel, the USA and Europe, as well as the peculiarities of adaptation of mountain Jews in new conditions. The paper examines changes in cultural identity and the preservation of traditions in the context of the diaspora. Among the methods used in this study are the historical method (historical-genetic), historical-comparative method, historical-typological method, historical-structural method, documentary analysis. The study combines historical and sociological aspects of the emigration of mountain Jews, which allows for a more complete understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. The article presents statistical data that were not previously taken into account in research on this topic. New migration routes and links with diasporas are analyzed, which actualizes the problem of identity and cultural adaptation. The influence of political and economic changes in the countries of origin and admission on the dynamics of emigration is investigated. Conclusions: 1. The emigration of mountain Jews in the second half of the 20th century was mainly caused by political and economic difficulties, and at the beginning of the 21st century by the search for better living conditions and integration into new societies. 2. The main areas of emigration are Israel, the USA, Canada, Germany and Austria, where mountain Jews have found an opportunity to maintain their culture and identity. 3. The emigration process had a significant impact on the demographic structure, which led, in fact, to the disappearance of communities of mountain Jews in traditional places of residence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".