Quantifying particle size effects on CO2 evolution at solid–liquid interfaces of calcium carbonate in acidic media
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environmental interfacial processes, from acid rain to acidic wastewaters, drive dissolution of carbonate-rich solids and CO 2 release. In this study, we investigate particle size effects on CO 2 emission kinetics in reaction between eggshell, a model porous bioceramic, with acetic acid (CH 3 COOH). Five particle size fractions of eggshells, including dimensions above and below the natural shell thickness, were tested. Time-resolved CH 3 COOH concentration measurements revealed that there are two regimes in dependence of CO 2 emission rates on the particle sizes. Simply breaking the shells does not lead to a clear enhancement in the reaction rate. However, finer particles, particularly those approaching or smaller than the shell thickness, exhibited markedly higher initial rates due to exposure of internal pore networks upon fracture. For all particle sizes, the reaction rates decrease with acid depletion and reduced reactive surface availability with time. No noticeable difference was observed by the presence of CO 2 bubbles on the reaction kinetics. These results highlight the role of particle size, morphology, and internal porosity in governing acid–carbonate interfacial reaction kinetics, with implications for porous carbonate dissolution in natural and engineered systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it