PSXI-8 Increasing dietary copper sulfate does not improve copper status of beef heifers consuming high-sulfate water.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Consuming high-sulfate water antagonizes Cu absorption in ruminants, but it is unclear whether greater Cu supplementation can supersede this antagonism. This study aimed to determine how increasing Cu-sulfate provision affects Cu status of heifers consuming high-sulfate water. Twenty Angus heifers (410±10.2 kg) were blocked by liver Cu concentration (495±23.7 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM)), and randomly assigned to dietary treatments containing 17.4 (LCu, n=7), 26.1 (MCu, n=7), or 37.0 (HCu, n=6) mg Cu/kg of dietary DM. Diets consisted of 85% hay (8.7 mg Cu/kg DM) and 15% mineral pellet (DM basis). Dietary Cu was manipulated via Cu-sulfate inclusion in the pellet. Water contained 3,209±53.2 mg/L sulfate. Dry matter intake (DMI) and water intake were recorded weekly. Blood and liver biopsies were collected every 28 d over 12 weeks. Liver and plasma were analysed for Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn. Plasma ceruloplasmin and serum albumin were also measured. Ruminal H2S gas concentration was measured pre-feeding (0730 h) and 3.5 hours post-feeding (1130 h) on d 40 and 80. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX with fixed effect of block, treatment, day, and treatment×day interaction with day and time as repeated measures. Treatments did not affect (P≥0.10) DMI, water intake, or liver and plasma Cu. Ruminal H2S was increased post-feeding (P<0.01), which was likely associated with post-meal water consumption. Liver Cu declined by day, being greatest on d 0, intermediate on d 28, and least on d 56 and 84 (494.8, 429.3, 434.1, and 321.0 mg/kg DM, respectively; P<0.01). Plasma Cu was greater on d 0 and 84 (0.38 and 0.41 mg/L) than d 28 and 56 (0.30 and 0.35 mg/L; P<0.01). Liver Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn and plasma Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn were affected by day (P≤0.01) but not treatment (P≥0.10). Liver and plasma Co were generally greater for LCu on day 28, 56, and 84 than for MCu and HCu (interaction, P<0.01). Within MCu, liver Se was greater on d 0 and lower on d 28 and 56, but not different from LCu and HCu (interaction, P<0.01). Plasma Fe was greater for LCu and MCu than HCu (P<0.01), and was least on d 0, intermediate on d 28 and 56, and greatest on d 84 (P<0.01). Treatment did not affect ceruloplasmin or albumin (P≥0.27), but ceruloplasmin was greatest on d 0 (27.1 mg/dL), intermediate on d 84 (10.5 mg/dL), and least on d 28 and 56 (8.1 and 9.4 mg/dL; P<0.01). Albumin was greater (P<0.01) on d 84 (4.17 g/dL) than d 0 and 56 (3.83 and 3.95 g/dL) but not different than on d 28 (4.04 g/dL). Increasing dietary Cu by increasing supplementation of Cu-sulfate did not improve Cu status of heifers consuming high-sulfate water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".