Effects of Lysolecithin on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism of Litopenaeus vannamei
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lysolecithin, characterized by its superior emulsifying and stabilizing properties, facilitates nutrient absorption and is extensively utilized in aquatic feed formulation. Nevertheless, its precise function in shrimp nutrition and physiology remains inadequately understood. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and optimal dosage of replacing 2% soybean lecithin with varying levels of soybean lysolecithin (0–2%) in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei. Growth performance, antioxidant indices, and lipid metabolism were assessed. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with 0.1% lysolecithin had the best growth performance, significantly improved lipid retention and apparent crude fat digestibility, while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hepatopancreas and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The 0.1% group also exhibited better hepatopancreatic tissue structure and lipid metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, higher inclusion levels (≥1.5%) led to increased lipid accumulation and enhanced activities of lipid metabolic enzymes but were associated with a risk of oxidative stress and less favorable tissue morphology. No significant differences in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed among groups. It is hypothesized that lysolecithin may regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis via the Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway; further studies are required to confirm this mechanism. In conclusion, 0.1% soybean lysolecithin is recommended as the optimal dietary level for L. vannamei, supporting its feasibility as a substitute for 2% soybean lecithin in shrimp feed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".