Pressure Drawdown Management Based on Multi-Zone Pressure Decline Behavior in Shale Reservoir by Physical Experiments
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Shale gas reserves are quite abundant worldwide. However, reservoir permeability and fracture conductivity will reduce severely with the rapid pressure decrease due to the stress effect, ultimately impacting the estimated ultimate recovery. However, experimental studies on pressure drawdown management and permeability variations based on deep shale have been rarely reported. To fill this gap, the integrated and innovative experimental methods are proposed to measure the influence of different pressure drawdown strategies (aggressive, moderate, or conservative) on permeability characteristics and pressure decline behavior. In this study, reservoirs near to the wellbore are divided into three distinct zones: the propped fracture zone (PF), the unpropped fracture zone (UF), and the matrix zone (M). These zones are represented by three different core samples. First, stress sensitivity experiments of PF, UF, and M cores are established to quantify the influence of effective stress on permeability. Then, a pressure drawdown management experiment of PF–UF–M multi-zone is established to investigate the relationship between the pressure drawdown strategy and production, further analyzing the loss of permeability under different strategies. The experimental results under different pressure drawdown strategies show that under the aggressive strategy, the permeability loss of each core is the most significant. The cumulative gas production under the conservative strategy increased by 5.6% compared to that of the moderate strategy, and by 12% compared to that of the aggressive strategy. This study shows the profound influence of stress effects on shale gas reservoir production. It offers theoretical and technical insights for refining shale gas development strategies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it