The Role of Cognitive Schemas in Personal Recovery, Symptom Severity, and Functioning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Negative cognitive schemas about the self and others are prevalent in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) and are associated with symptom severity. Recent conceptualizations of recovery emphasize functional and personal outcomes in addition to symptoms. The current study examined the effects of schemas on domains of symptoms, functioning, and personal recovery. METHODS: 71 individuals diagnosed with SSDs were included in the present study. Data presented in this study were collected as part of the baseline assessment for a clinical trial evaluating remotely delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. Participants completed measures of core schemas, symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and personal recovery. RESULTS: Cognitive schemas accounted for significant variance in personal recovery (65%), symptom severity (27%), and psychosocial functioning (18%). Negative-self schemas were associated with poorer social functioning, lower personal recovery, and greater overall symptom severity (ps = 0.034-0.036; BH-adjusted ps = 0.073). Positive-other schemas were associated with greater social functioning (p = .018; BH-adjusted p = .072) and personal recovery (p and BH-adjusted p < .001). Positive-self schemas were associated with greater personal recovery (p and BH-adjusted p < .001). Associations between schemas and personal recovery largely persisted after the influence of the other recovery domains was accounted for (ps < 0.001-0.062). CONCLUSION: Cognitive schemas demonstrated associations with symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and personal recovery in individuals with SSDs, with negative-self evaluations in particular showing trend-level associations across all three domains. Greater personal recovery was associated with higher positive self- and other-evaluations, independent of symptom severity and functioning, underscoring their relevance for recovery-oriented interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".