Upfront Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: An International, Multicenter Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) could be an option for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) unsuitable for surgery. Only small series evaluate the results of upfront SRS; the aim of the study was to report patient outcomes from a large, international patient cohort. METHODS: The study evaluated tumor control and complications after single-session SRS in a multicentric cohort of untreated NFPA. RESULTS: In total, 132 patients (median age 51.2 [IQR: 27.1] years at SRS, median volume 2.1 [IQR: 2.9] cm 3 ) were included. The probability of tumor control was 100% (95% CI: 100-100), 98.1% (95% CI: 94.6-100), and 92.4 (95% CI: 81.6-100) at 3, 5, and 8 years after SRS. The cumulative probability of new pituitary deficit was 11.7% (95% CI: 3.8-18.9), 24.4% (95% CI: 12.1-35.1), and 29.5% (95% CI: 12.1-26.9) at 3, 5, and 8 years, respectively. No new visual field defect occurred. Before SRS, 50 patients (37.9%) presented with a visual field defect with a complete improvement in 17 (34.7%), partial improvement in 12 (24.5%), and stability in 19 (38.8%) at a last follow-up of 2.2 (3.9) years. One patient (2.0%) worsened after SRS. Before SRS, 10 patients (7.6%) presented with an oculomotor nerve palsy. One patient (0.8%) developed a new transient nerve palsy. At a last follow-up of 2.5 (4.4) years, 5 patients (45.4 35.7%) had a stability of their palsy, 1 had a partial improvement (9.1%), and 5 (45.4%) had a complete improvement. CONCLUSION: Upfront SRS represents an option for appropriately selected patients with NFPA, and it exhibits a favorable efficacy and safety profile, but a longer follow-up is required. Visual improvement is low, and careful selection of patient is required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".