A Descriptive Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Challenges, Enablers and Confidence Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at a significantly increased risk for chronic hypertension and premature cardiovascular disease. Although breastfeeding may have cardiovascular benefits, those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy tend to have lower rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity. A deeper understanding of their breastfeeding experiences is necessary to inform effective interventions that support lactation. RESEARCH AIM: This study aimed to explore breastfeeding challenges, enablers, and factors influencing breastfeeding confidence among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHOD: This study employs a descriptive, qualitative approach. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted between 2 and 8 months postpartum with a convenience sub-sample of 18 individuals enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a breastfeeding support intervention in Quebec, Canada. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Data were coded and grouped under three categories related to the main interview questions (breastfeeding challenges, enablers, and factors influencing breastfeeding confidence). RESULTS: Perinatal complications, struggles with milk supply, high rates of formula supplementation, and lack of consistent or skilled breastfeeding support challenged early breastfeeding experiences. Breastfeeding enablers included hands-on support with feedings, accessible breastfeeding information and support, and being determined to breastfeed. Discouragement to breastfeed from family or health professionals diminished breastfeeding confidence whereas learning from the breastfeeding experiences of others and positive reinforcement for breastfeeding efforts helped build breastfeeding confidence. CONCLUSIONS: Skilled, proactive lactation support targeting breastfeeding confidence may help optimize breastfeeding outcomes among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, potentially mitigating their longer-term cardiovascular risks.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".