Fetal inguinoscrotal hernia: A case series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inguinoscrotal hernias (ISH) are common in neonates but rarely seen in the fetal period, with only 21 reported cases to date. We present two cases of fetal ISH diagnosed antenatally, each initially misidentified. A 25-year-old woman (G6P3A2) was referred for a solid scrotal mass detected at 34 weeks of gestation and suspected to be teratoma. Repeat Ultrasound (US) at 35 weeks, diagnosed an isolated right-sided inguinoscrotal hernia containing peristaltic bowel loops and mesenteric vascularization without any other anomaly. Patient was born in a peripheral hospital before ultimately undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy at 10 days of life. In a 27-year-old woman (G1P0), US at 22 weeks revealed bilateral nephromegaly. Biweekly follow-up was performed. At 33 weeks, follow-up US detected a distended rectum containing heterogeneous material. Fetal MRI confirmed bilateral nephromegaly, normal rectal content, and diagnosed a right inguinoscrotal hernia with collapsed bowel loops in the scrotum and an associated left hydrocele. The infant was delivered by cesarean section at 36 weeks at our tertiary pediatric hospital. The infant underwent bilateral nephrectomy and simultaneous bilateral inguinoscrotal hernia repair at 2 months of age. Fetal inguinoscrotal hernia is rare but should be considered in the differential for a fetal scrotal or perineal mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".