Functional recovery 2-years after hospitalization for COVID-19: Insights from the COREG-FR extension study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 infection can lead to multi-organ dysfunction, which has been shown to contribute to the physical disability seen in people after hospital discharge. We aimed to understand the effects of hospitalization for COVID-19 on mobility, cognition, and daily activities over 24-months of follow up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 24-month extension of the COREG-FR prospective cohort study (NCT04602260). We enrolled consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) with lab confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection who were admitted to five Ontario, Canada hospitals between August 21, 2020, and December 21, 2021. Patients were excluded if they resided in an institution (e.g., long term care facility), had severe premorbid physical function limitations (e.g., unable to stand independently) or had cognitive impairment which limited their ability to complete follow-up assessment. We assessed mobility and cognitive status using the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) Basic Mobility Domain and Cognitive Domain, respectively. Deficits from premorbid status were determined using the minimal clinically important differences in mobility (≥ 3.3) and cognition (≥ 5.5). We also asked participants how much their COVID-19 recovery affected their daily activities within the preceding week with response options from 'not at all' to 'all the time'. RESULTS: Among the 215 participants who participated 12-months after hospital discharge, 170 (79%) consented to the 24-month follow-up. The mean (standard deviation) age was 61.2 (12.7) years and 54% (n = 91) of participants who were male. Compared to pre-morbid function, mobility and cognitive deficits were present in 57% and 41% of participants, respectively. Furthermore, 59% of participants reported COVID-19 continued to impact their daily activities. CONCLUSION: At 24-months after hospitalization for COVID-19, many participants experience persistent mobility and cognitive deficits. Future work should aim to develop comprehensive rehabilitation strategies for those recovering from COVID-19 which target mobility and cognitive function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".