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Record W4415043030 · doi:10.5296/ieb.v11i1.23210

War Against Cash Paves Way for Central Bank Digital Currency Which Marks the Advent of Cashless Society

2025· article· en· W4415043030 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Thabiso Francis Shobane

Bibliographic record

VenueIssues in Economics and Business · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicFinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDigital currencyFinancial inclusionCurrencyCashElectronic moneyCentral bankVirtual currencyVariety (cybernetics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In the digital age, nations are increasingly paying digitally instead of using cash in this digital revolution. Central Bank of Lesotho (CBL) is considering implementing CBDC in Lesotho. The research study offers a comprehensive view of CBDC world-wide and how CBDC synchronises with Digital ID and Supremacy AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) to determine the credit score of CBDC’s clients. The study further explores the Central Bank Digital Currency, its potential benefits and risks as well as its implications for the future. This study employed qualitative method, interpretive approach and adopted PRISMA. The data was collected through a systematic literature review framework to ensure inclusion and to understand different perspectives in countries that have rolled out the CBDC. Findings reveal that well-developed countries are conducting a pilot study on digital currency while others had launched CBDC. Countries which are already using CBDC include Ecuador, China, Australia, Canada, India, Spain, Italy, Israel, Norway, Nigeria, France and Sweden. Some countries are exploring digital money while other countries are considering using digital currency. Lesotho is also considering using central bank digital currency. The study also reveals the potential benefits and risks of using CBDC from a variety of perspectives. The major benefits of employing digital money is to fight against crime, corruption and tax invasion. On the other hand, it is believed that digital currency is primarily dominated by negative issues especially considering the infringement of freedom and privacy inherent in this future monetary system. The study concludes that the time for digital money through Unicoin has arrived. Therefore, the system of one world currency has begun.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.773
Threshold uncertainty score0.739

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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