Association of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Housewives due to Daily Household Activities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Household activities which are performed in awkward posture and continuously without any break can result in musculoskeletal symptoms that result in limitation of the efficiency of the work which is performed. As full time homemakers performed their household activities without any rest break and sometimes in awkward posture that puts stress on their joints and muscles that result in might be chances of musculoskeletal disorders. So, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of musculoskeletal disorders and household activities. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the association of musculoskeletal disorders among housewives because of daily household activities (cooking, washing, dusting, cleaning, and childcare). Methodology: Three hundred sixty-seven participants (housewives) having age of 20-60 across Lahore city were participated in this research study. The study was carried through the Nordic questionnaire and questions about posture. Results: Among 368 participants, majority of the housewives were working for 4-6 hours per day (61.7%), 23.6% were working for 7-9 hours per day and 14.1% were working for 1-3 hours and most of the females adapted both standing and sitting posture during daily household activities and during household activities the major areas that is involved in musculoskeletal symptoms are back (38.3%), knees (26.4%), shoulders (22.3%), neck (16.8%), wrist/hands (9.2%) and ankles/foot (7.6%). Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no association between Pain score and hours of working per day and there is significant association between Pain score and posture during working.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".