IMF Control of Electron Aurora Across Mars' Crustal Magnetic Fields: Insights Into Electron Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We investigate Martian electron aurora utilizing 130.4 nm auroral observations from the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrograph and IMF clock angle measurements and estimates from MAVEN. Analysis reveals that more than 5 R aurora occurrence in a given region can vary by up to a factor of seven with IMF orientation, generally highest for southward IMF and lowest for westward IMF, with higher auroral occurrence post‐dusk, decreasing toward and past midnight before increasing again toward dawn. A broad diversity of IMF and local time dependence of aurora occurrence is observed across Mars' crustal magnetic fields. The polarity of a given crustal field determines whether its field lines preferentially magnetically connect to dayside ionospheric or nightside magnetotail electron sources in the post‐dusk or pre‐dawn sectors. We thus establish a “source preference metric”, that is, the excess likelihood of aurora when likely magnetically connected to the nightside versus dayside. A wide range of source preferences are observed across the crustal field features, with some showing higher occurrence for night sources, day sources, or neither, often differently when in the post‐dusk or pre‐dawn sectors. A generally stronger nightside source preference is found for radially inward crustal fields in the predawn sector, and for weaker outward crustal fields in the post‐dusk sector. These results highlight the complex and dynamic nature of Mars' magnetic topology in controlling auroral electron access. Future studies integrating in situ electron measurements with synoptic and limb auroral imaging will further constrain the relative contributions of dayside and magnetotail electron populations to Mars' auroral processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".