Feeding a low-protein diet exacerbates the susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced intestinal injury in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Globally, almost half of all early childhood deaths are linked to severe undernutrition, herein referred to as severe malnutrition. Mortality in severely malnourished children is often attributed to common infectious diseases, including enteric infections. It has been proposed that impaired intestinal barrier function contributes to mortality, but direct evidence is limited and thus there exists a need to develop improved preclinical models to test these and other mechanistic hypotheses. In this study, we aimed to describe differences in response to enteric inflammation and infection in the colon of malnourished mice compared to well-nourished littermates. C57Bl/6 male weanlings were fed isocaloric diets, either a low 1% protein diet (LPD) or a control 18% protein diet (CPD) for 2-weeks either in combination with oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), or Citrobacter rodentium ( C. rodentium) . LPD-fed mice were more susceptible to DSS or C. rodentium as evidenced by increased clinical severity scores, and reaching their humane endpoints. LPD-fed mice also showed more signs of colonic dysfunction with reduced levels of tight junction proteins, higher colonic pathogen load, and increased systemic inflammation and bacterial spread. Taken together, these observations show that malnourished animals have increased susceptibility to intestinal dysfunction caused by either chemical exposure or infection. These novel preclinical models can be used to further elucidate the processes involved in enteric dysfunction in malnutrition and to test therapies to improve intestinal repair and outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".