Avocado supplementation mitigates hypertension and multi-organ injury in an L-NAME model of cardiovascular dysfunction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and multi-organ injury remain central drivers of cardiovascular disease. Avocado ( Persea americana ) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and antioxidants, yet its integrative impact on hypertension-induced systemic injury has not been fully explored. Methods Male Wistar rats (n = 4/group) were randomized into six groups: control, avocado, L-NAME, L-NAME+losartan+metaprolol succinate, L-NAME+avocado, and L-NAME+metaprolol succinate+avocado. Avocado pulp was incorporated into diet at 80% w/w. Endpoints included blood pressure indices, hematological parameters, liver enzymes, renal function tests, and correlation analyses of systolic-diastolic coupling. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests evaluated group differences, while forest plots and scatter analyses visualized treatment effects. Results L-NAME significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (Δ+18 mmHg), diastolic pressure (Δ+20 mmHg), and mean arterial pressure (Δ+17 mmHg; all p < 0.01) compared with controls. Avocado supplementation reduced these elevations by ~15-18 mmHg, restoring values near baseline. L-NAME increased platelet counts (p = 0.031) and trended toward leukocytosis, both of which were attenuated by avocado. ALT levels were higher in L-NAME rats (p = 0.044), while AST and ALP trended upward; avocado-fed groups maintained near-control enzyme levels. Renal markers were most affected: urea (+25 mg/dl) and creatinine (+0.8 mg/dl) rose significantly in L-NAME rats (p < 0.01), but were reduced by 20-30% with avocado supplementation. Electrolytes remained unchanged. Correlation analyses revealed pathological SBP-DBP coupling in L-NAME rats (r = 0.78), abolished by avocado (r = 0.00). Conclusion Avocado supplementation mitigates L-NAME–induced hypertension and systemic injury by stabilizing blood pressure, reducing thrombocytosis, and preserving hepatic and renal function. These findings support avocado as a pleiotropic nutraceutical adjunct for cardiometabolic protection. Highlights Avocado pulp supplementation incorporated into chow (80% w/w) mitigates L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Dietary avocado preserves hepatic and renal biochemical function while reducing thrombocytosis under cardiovascular stress. Avocado demonstrates pleiotropic nutraceutical potential, stabilizing systemic physiology beyond conventional pharmacological therapy. Graphical abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".