Cyanidin‐3‐Glucoside Supplementation Modulates Bone Resorption in Experimental Apical Periodontitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory/infectious disease that leads to alveolar bone resorption. Cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin known for its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and bone metabolism‐regulating properties, suggesting benefits during AP development. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of C3G supplementation on bone resorption and inflammation during the progression of AP in Wistar rats. Sixteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (C) that received potable water, and a treatment group (C3G) that received a C3G solution. Supplements were administered daily via oral gavage for 45 days. AP was induced in both groups on Day 15, and it was allowed to develop for 30 days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the upper and lower jaws were collected to assess lesion volume, bone microstructure, the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and the expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, the RANKL/OPG ratio, and TRAP immunolabeling at the AP site. Statistical analysis was performed with a 5% significance level. Compared to controls, C3G‐treated rats exhibited reduced lesion volume, increased bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, lower RANKL/OPG ratio, and fewer TRAP‐positive cells/mm ( p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in inflammatory infiltrate or cytokine expression (IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐10) at the lesion site ( p > 0.05). C3G supplementation modulated bone resorption by reducing lesion volume and osteoclast activity, while enhancing bone microstructural parameters, without significantly affecting local inflammatory markers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".