Experimental observation of a time rondeau crystal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Conventional phases of matter can be characterized by the symmetries they break, one example being water ice whose crystalline structure breaks the continuous translation symmetry of space. Recently, breaking of time-translation symmetry was observed in non-equilibrium systems, producing so-called time crystals. Here we investigate different kinds of partial temporal ordering, stabilized by non-periodic yet structured drives, which we call the rondeau order. Using carbon-13 nuclear spins in diamond as a quantum simulator, we use microwave driving fields to create tunable short-time disorder in a system exhibiting long-time stroboscopic order. Our spin control architecture allows us to implement a family of driving fields including periodic, aperiodic and structured random drives. We use a high-throughput read-out scheme to continuously observe the spin polarization and its rondeau order, with controllable lifetimes exceeding 4 s. Using degrees of freedom associated with the short-time temporal disorder of rondeau order, we demonstrate the capacity to encode information in the response of observables. Our work broadens the landscape of observed non-equilibrium temporal order, and raises the prospect for the potential applications of driven quantum matter.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".