ApoJ and apoL1 as novel determinants of MASH: a cross-sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plasma apolipoproteins are linked to cardiometabolic dysfunctions, but their potential as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) remains underexplored. METHODS: Plasma levels of 14 apolipoproteins (apoA-I, A-II, A-IV, B100, C-I, C-II, C-III, D, E, F, H, J, L1, M) were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a cross-sectional study of 148 individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Based on liver histology, participants were categorized as non-MASH (n = 94; no liver alterations or simple steatosis, ≥ 5% intrahepatic fat) or MASH (n = 54; steatosis with ballooning and lobular inflammation, with or without fibrosis). Correlations with clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed via Spearman's rank correlation, and associations with MASH were evaluated using logistic regression. Incremental predictive value beyond established risk factors was assessed through likelihood ratio tests (LRT), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS: ApoC-III and apoL1 were significantly higher in MASH compared with non-MASH participants, while other apolipoproteins showed no group differences. Higher apoE, apoL1 and apoJ levels were associated with increased odds of MASH, independently of age and sex. Associations for apoL1 and apoJ remained significant after adjustment for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, or for established MASH risk factors including insulin resistance, triglycerides, waist circumference, and the AST/ALT ratio. LRT analyses showed that apoJ (ΔDeviance = 4.085, p = 0.043) and apoL1 (ΔDeviance = 3.954, p = 0.047) each improved model fit, with their combination providing additional improvement (ΔDeviance = 7.534, p = 0.023). NRI analysis indicated that the combination of apoJ and apoL1 provided the largest improvement (NRI total = 0.39, p = 0.026), mainly by correctly reclassifying non-MASH individuals (NRI non-event = 0.31, p = 0.0023). IDI was also greatest for the combination (IDI = 0.04, p = 0.034), indicating enhanced discrimination between MASH and non-MASH individuals. In an external cohort, the elevation of plasma apoJ in MASH was consistently replicated, whereas apoL1, apoC-III, and apoE showed no such pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma apoJ and apoL1 may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing MASH in individuals with obesity, independent of traditional risk factors. Further validation in larger cohorts and mechanistic studies is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".