Impact of ABO blood groups on residual pulmonary vascular obstruction in patients with unprovoked pulmonary embolism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After completing anticoagulant therapy for acute pulmonary embolism (PE), patients may have persistent thrombotic materials in the lung, causing residual pulmonary vascular obstruction (RPVO). Detectable by imaging, RPVO is associated with an increased risk of recurrent events and chronic complications. Little is known about RPVO risk factors including genetics. ABO is known to be associated with RPVO-related traits, such as recurrent PE and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. This study specifically investigated the association between genetically determined ABO blood groups and RPVO in patients with unprovoked PE. This work relies on 2 French cohorts and 1 Canadian cohort, totaling 586 patients with unprovoked PE and with RPVO measurements. In each study, 5 ABO polymorphisms were used to infer ABO blood groups: rs8176719-delG, rs41302905-T, rs2519093-T, rs1053878-A, and rs8176743-T alleles tagging for O1, O2, A1, A2, and B, respectively. Associations between ABO blood groups and RPVO were assessed in each study using a compound Poisson-gamma model, which accounts for the semicontinuous RPVO distribution. Study-specific results were then combined through meta-analysis. A simulation study confirmed sufficient power (>80%) to detect moderate genetic effects (1.3-fold increased risk for common variants with allele frequency ≥0.05). Despite this, no significant association was observed between ABO blood groups and RPVO. ABO blood groups are unlikely to be major risk factors for RPVO. Nevertheless, this study provides an important foundation for future large-scale genetic investigations aimed at identifying the molecular determinants of RPVO. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00740883.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".