Comparative analysis of hsp16 and hsp70 heat shock protein families in <i>Caenorhabditis</i> nematodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The heat shock response (HSR), driven by molecular chaperons, is a key defense mechanism against proteotoxic stress. In nematodes, the hsp16 family and hsp70 family play central roles in the HSR, but their evolutionary conservation and expression patterns remain poorly understood. Here, we performed phylogenetic, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses of hsp16 and hsp70 genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae , and other related nematodes. Our findings show that hsp16 genes are rapidly evolving and often organized in clusters of closely spaced and oppositely oriented pairs. These genes show dynamic temporal expression in C. elegans and C. briggsae under basal, unstressed conditions. In contrast, hsp70 genes are more conserved across species and display stable expression. We also found that C. briggsae contains more orthologous HSP genes than C. elegans , and exhibits a higher proportion of constitutive expression, consistent with its greater thermal tolerance. These findings highlight the evolutionary diversification and functional organization of heat shock proteins in nematodes, offering insights into how genomic architecture and gene expression contribute to species-specific thermal adaptation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".