Emotional dysregulation and comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is growing recognition that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) struggle with anxiety, depression and anger: symptoms that are not part of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Psychiatric comorbidity is common, although prevalence estimates vary widely. Rates vary from 28 to 84% of individuals with ASD meeting criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder. Results of a meta-analysis indicate that the pooled prevalence estimate of comorbidity is 68%. Individuals with ASD have more emotional and behavioural problems than the general population and other clinical groups. It is important to understand this comorbidity because of its high prevalence, impact on both current functioning and long-term outcomes, persistence of symptoms, and cost to the individual, their family and society. The recognition and assessment of emotional and behavioural problems in individuals with ASD is challenging. Comorbid psychiatric disorders should be assessed and diagnosed early to support the individual and their family better in school/work and home environments in order to improve the quality of their lives and improve longer-term outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".