Perspectives on development of nanofibrillated cellulose for mine waste tailings management
Classification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract There is a huge inventory of fine tailings from mining operations in tailings storage facilities (TSFs) awaiting remediation operations. Returning TSFs to their original states as dryland is the preferred closure action and chemical additives are used in the necessary thickening (dewatering) step of the fine tailings. Synthetic fossil fuel-based polymers known as flocculants are used in the dewatering process industrially. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is a biomass-derived product which can be developed to substitute the prevailing synthetic flocculants. This review describes the pertinent subjects related to the extraction of NFC, chemical modification, their physical and chemical characterization and evaluations as flocculants. NFC has been separated from biomass by physical, biological, and chemical processes, including combinations thereof. Properties which flocculants possess that pristine NFC lacks are mainly incorporated by chemical modifications. Chemical modifications take place via the hydroxyl groups that surround the polysaccharide skeletal structure of NFC. Prospective chemical modification reactions to produce effective flocculants are discussed. Other properties that can fine tune flocculation performance of NFC such as charge type, density, and size are also covered. The preparation of new, modified-NFC flocculants needs to include characterizations to provide detailed information about flocculants’ particle dimensions, morphology, surface charge, surface chemistry, crystallinity, and flocculant rheological properties. Methods to evaluate the flocculation performances and the resulting deposits of modified NFC treated geotechnical properties are presented to wrap the review. The results of such a study will enable correlation of modified-NFCs with their efficacy in the treatment of mine waste fine tailings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it