Soft and Strong: Elastic Conductors with Bio‐Inspired Self‐Protection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skin is soft yet strong - a combination achieved by integrating compliant elastin with stiff but wavy collagen, producing non-linear mechanical properties. Inspired by this structure, stiff conductive wires are engineered into sinusoidal patterns and mechanically interlocked them with highly elastic fibers using a reimagined woven fabric approach. The result is a highly conducting and stretchable yarn that also has high tensile strength - a combination that is attractive for wearable applications where comfort and durability are valued. With a diameter of ≈1 mm-comparable to many commercial yarns-the fabric-based yarn exhibits low stiffness across a broad strain range (up to 270% under 2 N of force) while demonstrating a self-protective transition to high stiffness and strength (up to 30 MPa) as it nears failure. Additionally, this yarn offers excellent flexibility, high strain tolerance (exceeding 500%), inherent breathability, and superior weavability. By tuning the number of elastic fibers and electrode fibers, it can further tailor these stretchable conductive yarns into strain-insensitive connecting yarns (low impedance at MHz frequencies, GF = 0.0003) and mechanical sensing yarns with dual strain and proximity sensing capabilities. The integration of these functional yarns enables system-level smart textile applications, such as wristband controllers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".