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At the Roots of Social Innovation

2025· book-chapter· en· W4415277784 on OpenAlexaff
Ola Tjörnbo, Frances Westley

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicInnovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
Canadian institutionsUniversity of WaterlooUniversity of New Brunswick
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTransformative learningUnintended consequencesLegalizationPsychological resilienceSocial innovationIndigenousSocial entrepreneurship

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper build on previous research conducted by scholars at the Waterloo Institute of Social Innovation and Resilience on eight historical cases of social innovation, including the establishment of National Parks, the evolution of intelligence testing, the legalization of birth control, Indigenous legal recognition, the development of the internet, financial market innovations, Indian Residential Schools, and Dutch joint-stock companies. By applying the lens of complexity theory to these cases, we identify patterns in transformative innovation we draw out lessons about how social innovation can respond to “grand challenges.” We identify common patterns in successful, transformative social innovations such as high sensitivity to initial starting conditions, cyclical fluctuations, the importance of paradox and several others. Although our patterns were initially drawn from historical cases, we also point out resonances with the innovations discussed in this volume. These patterns suggest that we need to think differently about how we identify, support, and evaluate social innovations to better promote those with truly transformative potential. In line with this, the paper provides suggestions for evaluating the transformative potential of emerging social innovations, advocating for long-term assessment beyond immediate impact. We also caution that social innovation can contain “shadow” unintended consequences that may create new social problems, as seen in intelligence testing’s link to eugenics or the exploitation within residential schools. Overall, social innovation needs to be viewed holistically, with a long-term view, and to be treated carefully, if it is to unlock its potential as a force for positive transformation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.617
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.235
Teacher spread0.209 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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