Inadequate Status of Multiple B Vitamins is Common Among Women in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The true burden of micronutrient deficiencies among women of reproductive age (WRA) in many resource-limited settings is likely underestimated, as data on several "neglected micronutrients" remain sparse. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 100 nonpregnant WRA in the region of Oromia, Ethiopia to describe the prevalence of various micronutrient deficiencies and other indicators of nutritional status. The prevalences of anemia (hemoglobin < 13.4 g/dL, adjusted for altitude) and iron deficiency (inflammation-adjusted serum ferritin < 15 ug/L) were 7.1% and 4.0%, respectively. However, 100.0% of females were deficient in riboflavin [erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRac) > 1.4], and the prevalences of thiamine insufficiency [erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac) 1.15-1.25], folate insufficiency [red blood cell (RBC) folate < 748 nmol/L], and vitamin B12 insufficiency (serum B12 < 221 pmol/L) were 38.8%, 96.0%, and 52.6%, respectively. Future surveys should include a more comprehensive assessment of B vitamins to corroborate these findings and inform the design of appropriate interventions to improve status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".