Structural instability within the active crater of Poás volcano, Costa Rica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines structural patterns in and around the crater of Poás volcano in Costa Rica to determine the current level of stability within the edifice. We used a series of Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry and thermal infrared surveys to map the active crater, supplemented by satellite imagery to gain a broader view of the regional structural pattern near the volcano. We identified three areas within the eastern crater that exhibit various degrees of instability. The southern sector contains a possible explosion and/or collapse crater; the central zone shows evidence of structural disruption including collapse, fracturing, and/or faulting; and the northern sector contains a new explosion-collapse crater formed in April 2022. Through these three sectors, a principal north–south fault or series of faults truncates the eastern part of the active crater from the rest. These structural patterns continue north and south of the active edifice, demonstrating that east–west extension results in structural weakening at a variety of spatial scales. This weakening is enhanced by rock fracturing caused by volcanotectonic earthquakes and by hydrothermal alteration driven by high-temperature degassing. Because of its instability, the eastern crater area is deserving of further attention from a monitoring and forecasting perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".