THE POLISH LANGUAGE IN NORTHERN BUKOVYNA: TRADITIONS AND MODERNITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The problem and analysis of formation, teaching, and place of the Polish language in Northern Bukovyna, and at Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University in particular, have not been dealt with for over a century in Ukrainian Slavic Studies. In view of considerable achievements of Bukovynian Polish Studies, there is a need to integrate it into pan-Slavic context of Polish Studies. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze historical landmarks of formation and teaching of the Polish language in secondary schools of Northern Bukovyna and at Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University: guest lecturers, introducing new specialties, activity of structural units, interuniversity agreements, grant activity and its results, support for Polish Studies by the Polish funds. Results: The article focuses on historical background of the development of the Polish language in Northern Bukovyna starting with the third quarter of the eighteenth century and up to present days. In particular, the activity of the Polish societies and Polish newspaper “Dziennik Kijowski” is dwelt on from the second half of the nineteenth – up to the beginning of the twentieth centuries. A specific attention is paid to 1990s when the Polish language began to be taught at Philological Faculty of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, and a course of the Polish language was opened at the “Centre for Slavic Studies” (2010), new specialty “European Slavic Studies. The Polish language” (2023), and a double diploma programme “Ukrainian linguistics with the Polish language” (2024). A detailed coverage of the outcomes of two scientific and five cultural projects supported by Poland was provided, and whose purpose of the study is the Polish language and cultural heritage of Bukovyna. Keywords: didactics, learning the Polish language, international projects, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Philology Faculty, Centre for Slavic Studies SLAVIA, international cooperation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".