Dietary bioactives increase gut microbiome diversity and alter host and microbial metabolite profiles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective Dietary bioactives have been associated with positive health effects such as cardiovascular health, or having anti-diabetic properties. Many bioactive compounds survive digestion arriving in the colon, where the gut microbiome can further metabolise them to forms more available to the host. Previous work has shown diets such as the Mediterranean diet, enriched in plant bioactives, affecting the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome. However, it is unclear which factors in such whole diet interventions underlie these changes, such as the bioactives themselves, the percentage of dietary fibres or macronutrient composition. In the Dietary BIoactives and Microbiome DivErsity (DIME) study we investigated the impact of a diet rich in a wide range of plant bioactives compared to a low bioactive diet with matched total fibre intake. Design We conducted a randomised crossover intervention trial to assess alterations to the gut microbiome, urinary and faecal metabolites in 20 healthy subjects receiving two-week high- or low-bioactive diets, separated by a 4-week washout period. Macronutrient and total fibre content was carefully matched between diets. Results Alpha diversity of both microbial taxa and function increased in the high bioactive diet. Microbiome compositions between participants appear more similar after the high bioactive diet than low, suggesting that the high bioactive diet selected for bacteria with a similar functional spectrum. Both faecal and urinary metabolites were strongly impacted by the diet intervention, including o-coumaric acid, theobromine, and secondary bile acids. Metabolite profiles were more strongly associated to the dietary intervention arms than microbiome profiles, suggesting that a diet high in bioactives may change the activity of the existing community despite only small shifts in community composition. Conclusion High intake of dietary bioactives leads to significant changes in both microbial and host metabolite profiles. However, the shift in microbiome composition was substantially less pronounced, highlighting the need of future studies to investigate metabolic activities instead of taxonomic compositions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".